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2019-10-22 11:44:11.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - MESSINIAN
[630bb839-bbf4-4183-92a2-d0aa25de6dcb,369469]);
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2019-10-22 11:44:40.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - TORTONIAN
[a9eca563-b06d-433d-b00b-deb3a3572f02,369473]);
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2019-10-22 11:45:07.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - SERRAVALLIAN
[8f22650c-e749-4775-a99a-9978a89456d0,369477]);
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2019-10-22 11:45:28.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - LANGHIAN
[4faea12f-7425-42c4-abcc-e9253d312e57,369481]);
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2019-10-22 11:46:00.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - BURDIGALIAN
[d76017a5-c60a-4910-81f7-58a559d32990,369485]);
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2019-10-22 11:46:27.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - AQUITANIAN
[027286de-800d-4141-b17b-6df71fbef30c,369489]);
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2019-10-22 13:58:20.0 [tstevens]
insert Definition (id: null
text: The Miocene Epoch, 23.03 to 5.3 million years ago, was a time of warmer global
climates than those in the preceeding Oligocene or the following Pliocene and it's
notable in that two major ecosystems made their first appearances: kelp forests and
grasslands. The expansion of grasslands is correlated to a drying of continental interiors
as the global climate first warmed and then cooled.
The overall pattern of biological change for the Miocene is one of expanding open
vegetation systems (such as deserts, tundra, and grasslands) at the expense of diminishing
closed vegetation (such as forests). This led to a rediversification of temperate
ecosystems and many morphological changes in animals. Mammals and birds in particular
developed new forms, whether as fast-running herbivores, large predatory mammals and
birds, or small quick birds and rodents.
Plant studies of the Miocene have focused primarily on spores and pollen. Such studies
show that by the end of the Miocene 95% of modern seed plant families existed, and
that no such families have gone extinct since the middle of the Miocene. A mid-Miocene
warming, followed by a cooling is considered responsible for the retreat of tropical
ecosystems, the expansion of northern coniferous forests, and increased seasonality.
With this change came the diversification of modern graminoids, especially grasses
and sedges.
In addition to changes on land, important new ecosystems in the sea led to new forms
there. Kelp forests appeared for the first time, as did sea otters and other critters
unique to those environments. At the same time, such ocean-going mammals as the Desmostylia
went extinct.
language code: en);
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| definition |
The Miocene Epoch, 23.03 to 5.3 million years ago, was a time of warmer global climates
than those in the preceeding Oligocene or the following Pliocene and it's notable
in that two major ecosystems made their first appearances: kelp forests and grasslands.
The expansion of grasslands is correlated to a drying of continental interiors as
the global climate first warmed and then cooled.
The overall pattern of biological change for the Miocene is one of expanding open
vegetation systems (such as deserts, tundra, and grasslands) at the expense of diminishing
closed vegetation (such as forests). This led to a rediversification of temperate
ecosystems and many morphological changes in animals. Mammals and birds in particular
developed new forms, whether as fast-running herbivores, large predatory mammals and
birds, or small quick birds and rodents.
Plant studies of the Miocene have focused primarily on spores and pollen. Such studies
show that by the end of the Miocene 95% of modern seed plant families existed, and
that no such families have gone extinct since the middle of the Miocene. A mid-Miocene
warming, followed by a cooling is considered responsible for the retreat of tropical
ecosystems, the expansion of northern coniferous forests, and increased seasonality.
With this change came the diversification of modern graminoids, especially grasses
and sedges.
In addition to changes on land, important new ecosystems in the sea led to new forms
there. Kelp forests appeared for the first time, as did sea otters and other critters
unique to those environments. At the same time, such ocean-going mammals as the Desmostylia
went extinct.
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