MIOCENE

https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af

broader
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/e5a3aed9-de46-4903-a999-f9f8bcdf1cd7 original
narrower
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
change note
2019-10-22 11:44:11.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - MESSINIAN [630bb839-bbf4-4183-92a2-d0aa25de6dcb,369469]);
2019-10-22 11:44:40.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - TORTONIAN [a9eca563-b06d-433d-b00b-deb3a3572f02,369473]);
2019-10-22 11:45:07.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - SERRAVALLIAN [8f22650c-e749-4775-a99a-9978a89456d0,369477]);
2019-10-22 11:45:28.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - LANGHIAN [4faea12f-7425-42c4-abcc-e9253d312e57,369481]);
2019-10-22 11:46:00.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - BURDIGALIAN [d76017a5-c60a-4910-81f7-58a559d32990,369485]);
2019-10-22 11:46:27.0 [tstevens] Insert Concept
add narrower relation (MIOCENE [32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af,336059] - AQUITANIAN [027286de-800d-4141-b17b-6df71fbef30c,369489]);
2019-10-22 13:58:20.0 [tstevens]
insert Definition (id: null
text: The Miocene Epoch, 23.03 to 5.3 million years ago, was a time of warmer global climates than those in the preceeding Oligocene or the following Pliocene and it's notable in that two major ecosystems made their first appearances: kelp forests and grasslands. The expansion of grasslands is correlated to a drying of continental interiors as the global climate first warmed and then cooled.

The overall pattern of biological change for the Miocene is one of expanding open vegetation systems (such as deserts, tundra, and grasslands) at the expense of diminishing closed vegetation (such as forests). This led to a rediversification of temperate ecosystems and many morphological changes in animals. Mammals and birds in particular developed new forms, whether as fast-running herbivores, large predatory mammals and birds, or small quick birds and rodents.

Plant studies of the Miocene have focused primarily on spores and pollen. Such studies show that by the end of the Miocene 95% of modern seed plant families existed, and that no such families have gone extinct since the middle of the Miocene. A mid-Miocene warming, followed by a cooling is considered responsible for the retreat of tropical ecosystems, the expansion of northern coniferous forests, and increased seasonality. With this change came the diversification of modern graminoids, especially grasses and sedges.

In addition to changes on land, important new ecosystems in the sea led to new forms there. Kelp forests appeared for the first time, as did sea otters and other critters unique to those environments. At the same time, such ocean-going mammals as the Desmostylia went extinct.
language code: en);
definition The Miocene Epoch, 23.03 to 5.3 million years ago, was a time of warmer global climates than those in the preceeding Oligocene or the following Pliocene and it's notable in that two major ecosystems made their first appearances: kelp forests and grasslands. The expansion of grasslands is correlated to a drying of continental interiors as the global climate first warmed and then cooled.

The overall pattern of biological change for the Miocene is one of expanding open vegetation systems (such as deserts, tundra, and grasslands) at the expense of diminishing closed vegetation (such as forests). This led to a rediversification of temperate ecosystems and many morphological changes in animals. Mammals and birds in particular developed new forms, whether as fast-running herbivores, large predatory mammals and birds, or small quick birds and rodents.

Plant studies of the Miocene have focused primarily on spores and pollen. Such studies show that by the end of the Miocene 95% of modern seed plant families existed, and that no such families have gone extinct since the middle of the Miocene. A mid-Miocene warming, followed by a cooling is considered responsible for the retreat of tropical ecosystems, the expansion of northern coniferous forests, and increased seasonality. With this change came the diversification of modern graminoids, especially grasses and sedges.

In addition to changes on land, important new ecosystems in the sea led to new forms there. Kelp forests appeared for the first time, as did sea otters and other critters unique to those environments. At the same time, such ocean-going mammals as the Desmostylia went extinct.
narrower
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/027286de-800d-4141-b17b-6df71fbef30c original
broader
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4faea12f-7425-42c4-abcc-e9253d312e57 original
broader
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/630bb839-bbf4-4183-92a2-d0aa25de6dcb original
broader
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/8f22650c-e749-4775-a99a-9978a89456d0 original
broader
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/a9eca563-b06d-433d-b00b-deb3a3572f02 original
broader
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
https://gcmdservices.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d76017a5-c60a-4910-81f7-58a559d32990 original
broader
32bf646d-d80c-49be-aee8-87ccdd4785af original
type
Resource original
Concept original
in scheme chronounits original